Chapter 18 Module 2

 1.  In what ways did the Industrial Revolution shape the character of 19thcentury European imperialism?
The Industrial Revolution Shaped the character of the 19th century through European Imperialism in many ways. During the time of the Industrial Revolution, “The enormous productivity of Industrial Technology and Europe’s growing affluence now created the need for extensive raw materials and agricultural products”(854). Europeans traded for extensive raw materials and agricultural products which changed the economic and social life. “ Between 1910 and 1913, Britain was sending about half of its savings overseas as foreign investment” (854-855). Europeans trading with different countries all across the world made their economy more powerful. “Wealthy Europeans also saw social benefits to foreign markets, which served to keep Europe’s factories humming and it’s workers employed” (855). Not only did the Industrial Revolution helped Europe’s economy making it more powerful, but it also helped families receiving jobs, raising employment so that they can provide for their families.  However, Imperialism became popular in Europe due to the growth of Nationalism. Nationalism is the identification with one’s own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations. However, there were still many people that disagree or disapprove of the Industrial Revolution especially those who are religious. “With the advent of the Industrial age, however, Europeans developed a secular arrogance that fused with or in some cases replaced their notions or religious superiority.

3. What contributed to changing European views of Asians and Africans in the 19thcentury?
There were many factors that contributed to changing European views of Asians and Africans in the 19th century.  Europeans adopted many ideas from more advanced societies but they disregarded the Chinese and the African people. “The Chinese who had been highly praised in the eighteenth century were reduced in the nineteenth century to the image of “John Chinaman”-weak, cunning obstinately conservative, and, in large numbers, a distinct threat represented by the “Yellow Peril” in late nineteenth-century European thinking” (857).  Europeans during the 19th century were being very disrespectful towards the Chinese. However, the African People were treated by Europeans way worse compared to the Chinese. “African Societies which had been regarded even in the slave-trade era as nations and their leaders, who had been regarded as kings, were demoted in nineteenth-century Europeans eyes to the status of tribes led by the chiefs as a means of emphasizing their “primitive” qualities”(857). Europeans were treating them with disrespect because due to Industrialization in Europe. Europeans viewed the culture and achievements of Asian and African Peoples through the prism of a new kind of racism. Europeans used the way of science to support their racial preferences and prejudices.

4.

4.  In what different ways was colonial rule established in various parts of Africa and Asia?
There were many different ways colonial rule established in various parts of Africa and Asia. “The construction of these new European empires in the Afro-Asian World, like empires everywhere, involved military threat of it” (859). Europeans had a strong Military force that they used to spread there empires all across Africa and Asia. However, even though they had a military advantage it wasn’t easy to spread the empires at first. “Europeans had to fight hard to create their new empires as countless wars of conquest attest” (859). Europeans had an advantage in firepower, specifically rifles, and machine guns. Africans, Asians, and Oceanic people had to incorporate with one another of the European Empires. “Europeans were surprised by the intensity of their rivalries and the speed with which they acquired huge territories, about which they knew very little” (860). Europeans thought that the African people wouldn’t help take over some territories but in fact, some of the People betrayed their own people to help the Europans capture their land. The process which was involved was endless but peaceful negotiations among the competing Great Powers about “who got what” and extensive and bloody military, lasted decades to make and control the land.

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